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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Simple Bulk Readout of Digital Nucleic Acid Quantification Assays

Simple Bulk Readout of Digital Nucleic Acid Quantification Assays

Published on: September 24, 2015

Droplet Digital CRISPR for Nucleic Acid Detection.

Yang Zhang¹, Roy S K Walker^2,3, Anwar Sunna^3,4

¹School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|January 29, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Droplet digital clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) combines CRISPR detection with digital droplet microfluidics for sensitive DNA/RNA quantification. This technology offers scalable, precise biomarker detection for diagnostics.

Keywords:

CRISPR/Cas detection absolute quantification droplet digital microfluidics nucleic acid biomarkers

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Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Simple Bulk Readout of Digital Nucleic Acid Quantification Assays

Simple Bulk Readout of Digital Nucleic Acid Quantification Assays

Published on: September 24, 2015

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array

Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array

Published on: November 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Diagnostics
Microfluidics

Background:

CRISPR technology offers high sequence specificity for nucleic acid detection.
Digital droplet microfluidics provides absolute quantification with high sensitivity and precision.
Integrating these technologies, ddCRISPR enables single-molecule resolution for biomarker analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the principles, advancements, and applications of droplet digital CRISPR (ddCRISPR).
To highlight current challenges and future perspectives in ddCRISPR technology.
To guide the development of ddCRISPR for accessible diagnostic solutions.

Main Methods:

Summarizes principles of droplet generation, manipulation, and detection in ddCRISPR.
Reviews amplification-based and amplification-free detection strategies.
Highlights applications in viral, bacterial, and other DNA/RNA biomarker detection.

Main Results:

ddCRISPR offers high sensitivity, precision, and scalability for nucleic acid detection.
Enables single-molecule resolution by partitioning samples into microdroplets.
Demonstrates broad applicability in detecting various biomarkers.

Conclusions:

ddCRISPR technology is a powerful tool for sensitive and precise biomarker detection.
Addressing challenges in automation, stability, multiplexing, and portability is crucial for clinical translation.
Future directions include AI-assisted analysis, point-of-care integration, and high-throughput multiplexed detection.