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EasyEyes: Crowded dynamic fixation for online psychophysics.

Fengping Hu^1,2, Joyce Y Chen^3,4, Denis G Pelli^1,5,6

¹Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of Vision

|January 29, 2026

Summary

Crowded dynamic fixation significantly improves gaze control in online vision testing. This method uses added clutter to enhance fixation accuracy, eliminating errors and peeking during tests.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Computer Science
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Online vision testing offers efficient data collection but struggles with precise gaze tracking using built-in webcams.
Traditional laboratory gaze tracking is accurate but not feasible for widespread online testing.
Previous dynamic fixation tasks improved accuracy but did not eliminate peripheral target peeking.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate a novel crowded dynamic fixation task for enhancing fixation accuracy in online vision testing.
To quantify the improvement in fixation accuracy and reduction in peeking compared to stationary and dynamic fixation tasks.
To determine if crowded dynamic fixation can eliminate implausibly low peripheral thresholds in vision tests.

Main Methods:

Developed a crowded dynamic fixation task involving a mouse-controlled cursor tracking a moving, cluttered fixation mark.
Assessed fixation accuracy by measuring root mean square gaze error during peripheral threshold measurements.
Quantified peeking occurrences with a 1.5° tolerance across stationary, dynamic, and crowded dynamic fixation conditions.

Main Results:

Crowded dynamic fixation reduced root mean square gaze error by 40% compared to stationary fixation.
Peeking occurred in 7% of trials with stationary fixation, 1.5% with dynamic fixation, and 0% with crowded dynamic fixation.
The crowded dynamic fixation task eliminated implausibly low peripheral thresholds, likely by preventing peeking.

Conclusions:

Crowded dynamic fixation significantly enhances gaze control and fixation accuracy during online vision testing.
This method effectively prevents peeking, leading to more reliable vision test results.
Crowded dynamic fixation is a viable solution for accurate gaze control in remote vision assessments.