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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Pressure-Tunable Phase Transitions in Atomically Thin Chern Insulator MnBi2Te4.

Albin Márffy1,2, Endre Tóvári1,2, Yu-Fei Liu3,4

  • 1Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.

Nano Letters
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Odd-layer MnBi2Te4, a magnetic topological insulator, rarely shows the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Studies reveal a trivial insulator state due to disorder, but a Chern insulator state emerges in high magnetic fields.

Keywords:
Chern insulatorpressure-induced phase transitiontopological magnetstopological phase transition

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Quantum phenomena

Background:

  • Topological insulators (TIs) with broken time-reversal symmetry can host the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE).
  • MnBi2Te4 is an intrinsic magnetic TI material, making it a promising candidate for observing QAHE, but experimental realization remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the electronic transport properties of odd-layer thick MnBi2Te4.
  • Determine the conditions under which QAHE or related topological states emerge in this material.
  • Understand the influence of external stimuli like magnetic fields and hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic and topological properties.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoresistance measurements were performed on odd-layer thick MnBi2Te4 samples.
  • Experiments were conducted in the antiferromagnetic phase and under varying magnetic fields and temperatures.
  • Hydrostatic pressure was applied to study its effect on magnetic coupling and band structure.

Main Results:

  • In the antiferromagnetic phase, a trivial insulator state, attributed to disorder, was observed instead of the expected QAHE.
  • A Chern insulator state was found to emerge under a high magnetic field.
  • Hydrostatic pressure was found to enhance interlayer exchange coupling while weakening intralayer coupling.
  • The trivial band gap decreased under pressure, indicating a reduced role of disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Disorder plays a significant role in suppressing the QAHE in MnBi2Te4.
  • A high magnetic field can induce a topological phase transition to a Chern insulator state.
  • Hydrostatic pressure offers a route to tune the magnetic exchange interactions and potentially mitigate disorder effects in MnBi2Te4.