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Extracellular Vesicles and Extracellular RNAs in Plant-Microbe Interactions.

Benjamin L Koch1, Meenu Singla-Rastogi2, Roger W Innes2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants secrete RNA outside of extracellular vesicles (EVs), challenging the idea that plant EVs mediate cross-kingdom RNA interference. Free extracellular RNAs are proposed to maintain the leaf microbiome.

Keywords:
cross-kingdom RNA interferenceextracellular RNAextracellular vesiclesplant–microbe interactionstRNA-derived fragments

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Plants and microbes engage in macromolecule exchange, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) previously hypothesized as key mediators.
  • The precise mechanisms and roles of plant EVs in inter-kingdom communication remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on plant EV biogenesis and function.
  • To evaluate the evidence for and against the role of plant EVs in cross-kingdom RNA interference.
  • To propose an alternative role for extracellular RNAs in plant-microbe interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant extracellular vesicle biology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating RNA content within plant EVs and secreted extracellularly.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding plant EV biogenesis and function.

Main Results:

  • Plant EVs are formed via multivesicular body fusion with the plasma membrane, involving conserved molecular machinery.
  • Evidence suggests that plant EVs are unlikely mediators of cross-kingdom RNA interference.
  • Significant amounts of RNA, including small and long noncoding RNAs, are secreted by plants into the apoplast and onto leaf surfaces, largely independent of EVs.

Conclusions:

  • While some plant EV subpopulations are implicated in immunity, their role in RNA interference is improbable.
  • Free extracellular RNAs, rather than those within EVs, are likely crucial for maintaining a healthy leaf microbiome.