Knowledge Gaps on Skin Cancer and Sun Protection in Organ Transplant Recipients Under Long-term Immunosuppression

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Transplant Immunology
• Public Health

Background:

• Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a significantly increased risk of skin cancer due to chronic immunosuppression and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure.
• Effective patient education is vital for early skin cancer detection and prevention strategies in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of OTRs regarding sun protection and skin cancer detection.
• To identify demographic, clinical, and transplant-related factors associated with knowledge deficits in OTRs.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 177 OTRs at a German University Hospital's specialized dermatologic clinic.
• Utilized the validated Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge (SCSK) scale to assess patient understanding.
• Analyzed demographic, clinical, and transplant variables to pinpoint factors linked to knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

• The average SCSK score was 16.59 (SD±3.96), indicating moderate knowledge but with specific deficits.
• Key knowledge gaps were observed in understanding tanning risks, the significance of sun protection factor (SPF), and recognizing skin cancer symptoms.
• Heart transplant recipients, individuals with over 3 years of immunosuppression, males, and those aged <40 or >60 years showed significantly lower knowledge scores.

Conclusions:

• Despite specialized dermatologic care, significant knowledge gaps concerning skin cancer prevention and detection persist among OTRs.
• Targeted, long-term educational interventions are necessary for high-risk OTR subgroups within interdisciplinary transplant aftercare programs.