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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
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B Vitamin Deficiencies and Associated Neuropathies.

Mauricio Alvarez1, Santiago Poveda2, Alejandra Cisneros3

  • 1Endocrinology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Transversal 3 C #49-02, Bogotá, Colombia. Mauricioalvarez613@gmail.com.

Current Nutrition Reports
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

B vitamin deficiencies, particularly B1 (thiamine) and B12 (cobalamin), are linked to neuropathies. While excess vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can cause neurotoxicity, deficiency

Keywords:
BeriberiPyridoxineThiamine deficiencyVitamin B 12Wernicke encephalopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Nutritional deficiencies, especially B vitamin deficiencies, are significant causes of neuropathies globally.
  • While less common in developed nations, factors like alcohol use, bariatric surgery, and metformin contribute to deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review historical and current evidence on the relationship between B vitamin deficiencies and neuropathies.
  • To clarify the current understanding of B vitamin-associated neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and recent evidence.
  • Analysis of studies investigating B vitamin levels and neurological outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency causes beriberi and Wernicke's encephalopathy.
  • Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency leads to neuropathies and cognitive impairment due to its role in DNA synthesis and myelin production.
  • Excess vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is associated with neuropathy, not deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin B1 and B12 deficiencies are established causes of neuropathy.
  • The role of vitamin B6 deficiency in neuropathy is less clear, but excess intake is neurotoxic.
  • Clinical awareness of B vitamin deficiencies is crucial, especially in at-risk populations in developed countries.