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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging
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SACMark: Spatial-Angle Consistency Watermarking Network for Light Field Image Copyright Protection.

Junfeng Guo, Hui Wang, Shouxin Liu

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    |January 29, 2026
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed Spatial-Angular Consistency waterMarking (SACMark), a deep learning network for robust Light Field (LF) image watermarking. SACMark effectively protects LF image copyrights while preserving visual quality and essential scene characteristics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Digital Image Processing
    • Machine Learning

    Background:

    • Light Field (LF) images capture 3D scene information, but their high dimensionality complicates traditional 2D watermarking.
    • Existing methods struggle with effective copyright protection for LF images due to data complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel deep learning-based watermarking network, SACMark, specifically for Light Field images.
    • To enhance copyright protection for LF images by addressing challenges in watermark embedding and extraction.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a Spatial-Angular Consistency waterMarking (SACMark) network utilizing spatial-angular feature extraction.
    • Implemented consistency matching and fusion strategies for improved feature utilization.
    • Employed an encoder-noise-decoder architecture optimized via adversarial training for imperceptibility and robustness.

    Main Results:

    • SACMark demonstrated high visual quality across various embedding capacities with minimal impact on depth estimation.
    • The network showed improved resilience to noise compared to traditional LF watermarking and 2D deep learning methods.
    • Essential LF image characteristics were preserved post-watermarking.

    Conclusions:

    • SACMark offers a promising solution for secure and adaptive LF image protection.
    • The proposed method advances the field of digital watermarking for complex multidimensional image data.
    • Findings suggest potential for practical applications in safeguarding LF image copyrights.