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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Bladder stones constitute 5% of urinary tract stones.
  • Calcium tartrate tetrahydrate (CTT) stones are exceptionally rare in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a large CTT bladder stone.
  • To identify potential contributing factors for CTT stone formation.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a male patient in his early 60s.
  • Analysis of bladder stone composition.
  • Review of patient's medical history, lifestyle, and occupational exposures.

Main Results:

  • A 24.1 mm × 35.6 mm bladder stone was identified.
  • Stone analysis confirmed 100% CTT composition.
  • Potential contributing factors identified: untreated diabetes, hypertension, chronic pesticide exposure, high energy drink/supplement intake (L-carnitine L-tartrate), and neurogenic bladder.

Conclusions:

  • This case underscores potential environmental and metabolic risk factors for CTT bladder stones.
  • Dietary tartrate, supplement use, and chemical exposures may play a role in CTT stone pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of CTT stone formation.