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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Absence of Transport Altermagnetic Spin-Splitting Effect in RuO2.

Yu-Chun Wang1,2, Zhe-Yu Shen1, Chia-Hsi Lin1

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Nano Letters
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers investigated spin-to-charge conversion in ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) thin films. They found no altermagnetic spin-splitting effect (ASSE), attributing signals solely to the spin Hall effect (SHE) and revealing a negative spin Hall angle.

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altermagnetismspin currentspintronics

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Altermagnets exhibit the altermagnetic spin-splitting effect (ASSE), generating spin-polarized currents.
  • Distinguishing ASSE from the spin Hall effect (SHE) is crucial for understanding spin transport in novel materials.
  • Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is a low-symmetry material with potential spintronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study spin-to-charge conversion in epitaxial RuO2 thin films.
  • To determine the presence or absence of the ASSE in RuO2.
  • To investigate the spin Hall effect (SHE) and associated spin Hall angle in RuO2.

Main Methods:

  • Epitaxial growth of RuO2 thin films with varying crystal orientations.
  • Utilizing yttrium iron garnet (YIG) as a spin current source.
  • Measuring spin-to-charge conversion signals and analyzing them in the context of ASSE and SHE.

Main Results:

  • Conclusive evidence for the absence of the ASSE in RuO2 films across different crystal orientations.
  • Attribution of all observed spin-to-charge conversion signals exclusively to the SHE.
  • Observation of a negative spin Hall angle in RuO2 when interfaced with YIG, with sign reversal upon interfacing with Py.

Conclusions:

  • RuO2 does not exhibit the altermagnetic spin-splitting effect (ASSE).
  • The spin Hall effect (SHE) is the dominant mechanism for spin-to-charge conversion in RuO2.
  • The sign of the spin Hall angle in RuO2 is interface-dependent, providing critical insights for spintronic device design.