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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

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The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
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Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

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Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation01:24

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical in identifying potential health issues. One key component of this assessment is palpation, a technique healthcare providers use to assess the body for abnormalities. This content explores the method of palpation in evaluating the respiratory tract, focusing on thoracic palpation and tactile fremitus.
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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
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Outpatient RSV Testing Rates Among US Adults with Lower Respiratory Tract Disease, 2017-2024.

Katherine K Perez1, Kashmira Date2, Negar Aliabadi2

  • 1Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Inc, 66 Hudson Boulevard East, New York, NY, 10001-2192, USA. katherine.perez@pfizer.com.

Infectious Diseases and Therapy
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) testing is infrequent in U.S. adult outpatients, even for those with COPD or CHF exacerbations. Low testing rates persist despite some increase over time, possibly due to limited treatment options.

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbationCongestive heart failure exacerbationLower respiratory tract infectionOutpatientsRSV testingRespiratory syncytial virus

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in adults, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF).
  • Understanding RSV and influenza testing practices in U.S. outpatient settings is crucial for managing these conditions, especially given the lack of comprehensive data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza testing among U.S. adults presenting with LRTI, COPD exacerbation, or CHF exacerbation in outpatient settings.
  • To identify trends in testing practices over time and compare RSV testing rates with influenza testing rates.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Optum® Electronic Health Records (EHR) database.
  • The study included adult patients (≥18 years) seen in outpatient settings for LRTI, COPD exacerbations, or CHF exacerbations between August 2017 and March 2024.
  • The primary outcome measured was the occurrence of a standard-of-care RSV or influenza test.

Main Results:

  • Analysis included over 2.2 million LRTI encounters and nearly 820,000 exacerbation events (COPD and CHF).
  • RSV testing rates in LRTI encounters increased from 0.6% in 2017 to 9.4% in 2024, but remained lower than influenza testing (7.1-31.7%).
  • Less than 3% of LRTI encounters were tested for RSV, compared to 15% for influenza. COPD exacerbations had higher testing rates (1.9% RSV, 6.0% influenza) than CHF exacerbations (0.5% RSV, 1.1% influenza).

Conclusions:

  • RSV testing remains infrequent in U.S. adult outpatients, despite observed increases.
  • Testing rates are particularly low for patients experiencing COPD or CHF exacerbations, conditions where RSV should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
  • The low frequency of RSV testing may be associated with the limited availability of specific RSV treatment options for adults.