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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Factors associated with the risk of falls and their relationship with cognitive function in older adults with

María Del Mar Carcelén-Fraile1, María Del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile2, Fidel Hita-Contreras1

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.

Geroscience
|January 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is strongly linked to fall risk factors. Addressing cognitive and physical health is crucial for preventing falls in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk factor for falls in older adults.
  • Understanding the relationship between cognitive function and fall risk is essential for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the associations between various cognitive functions and factors contributing to fall risk in older adults diagnosed with MCI.
  • To identify specific cognitive tests that correlate with physical and psychological fall risk indicators.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 129 older adults with MCI.
  • Cognitive function assessed using MMSE, MoCA, Isaacs Test, TMT-A, TMT-B, D2 Test, and DSST.
  • Fall risk evaluated via Tinetti Test, ABC-16, FES-I, gait speed, grip strength, and physical function.

Main Results:

  • Lower scores on MMSE and MoCA were associated with weaker grip, slower gait, reduced physical function, increased fear of falling, and higher fall risk.
  • Performance on Isaacs Test, TMT-A, TMT-B, D2 Test, and DSST showed significant correlations with various physical function, balance, and fall risk measures.
  • DSST performance correlated with all assessed physical and psychological outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive performance is closely associated with physical and psychological factors that increase fall risk in older adults with MCI.
  • Comprehensive, multidimensional assessments are necessary to identify individuals at risk and implement targeted fall prevention strategies.
Keywords:
Balance confidenceCognitive functionCross-sectionalFear of fallingGait speedMild cognitive impairmentOlder adultsRisk of falls

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