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Vaccination Coverage and Factors Associated With Incomplete Vaccination Schedules in Children Under 5 in a Peripheral

Ivea Rayane Mendes Nicacio Viana1, Henry Maia Peixoto1,2

  • 1Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil.

Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.)
|January 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Twenty percent of children under 5 had incomplete vaccination schedules. Factors like young age, COVID-19 pandemic disruptions, and inconsistent vaccination locations contributed to this issue.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vaccination coverage is crucial for child health.
  • Incomplete vaccination schedules pose risks to individuals and communities.
  • Understanding factors influencing vaccination status is vital for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine vaccination coverage (VC) in children under 5.
  • To identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination schedules (IVS).
  • Study conducted in two Basic Health Units in Brazil's Federal District.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design.
  • Inclusion of 162 children under 5 years of age.
  • Data collection via guardian interviews and vaccination booklet photography.
  • Analysis using Poisson regression to calculate prevalence ratios (PR).

Main Results:

  • 20% of children presented with an incomplete vaccination schedule (IVS).
  • No vaccine met recommended age and interval targets.
  • Factors linked to IVS: age under 2 years (aPR: 2.55), COVID-19 pandemic difficulties (aPR: 2.71), and non-uniform vaccination sites (aPR: 1.97).

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of children had incomplete vaccination schedules.
  • Key contributing factors include young age, discontinuity of care at vaccination sites, and pandemic-related challenges.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to improve vaccination adherence.
Abstract

Keywords:
health policyprimary health carevaccination coveragevaccines

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