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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Molecular Analysis of Emerging MT27 Macrolide-Resistant Bordetella pertussis, Kobe, Japan, 2025

Shoko Komatsu, Noriko Nakanishi, Kousaku Matsubara

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |January 30, 2026
    PubMed

    Insights

    A new type of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP), MT-27, emerged in Japan in 2025. Genetic analysis shows this strain is linked to strains found in China, not local Japanese strains.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Genomics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough.
    • Macrolide resistance in B. pertussis is a growing public health concern.
    • Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MT-27) is a common typing method.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the emergence and genetic origins of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) in Kobe, Japan.
    • To determine the relationship between the emerging MT-27 MRBP and existing B. pertussis strains.

    Main Methods:

    • Whole-genome sequencing of Bordetella pertussis isolates.
    • Comparative genomic analysis.
    • Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MT-27) typing.

    Main Results:

    • The emergence of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type 27 (MT-27) macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) was identified in Kobe, Japan, in 2025.
    • Whole-genome sequencing indicated that the MT-27 MRBP strain did not originate from the prevalent macrolide-sensitive MT-27 B. pertussis in Japan.
    • The Japanese MT-27 MRBP strain showed close genetic relatedness to MRBP strains previously identified in China.

    Conclusions:

    • The emergence of MT-27 MRBP in Japan represents a distinct introduction event.
    • The findings suggest potential international transmission of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis strains.
    • Further surveillance is crucial to monitor the spread and evolution of antibiotic resistance in B. pertussis.
    Keywords:
    Bordetella pertussisJapanMRBPMT27antimicrobial resistancebacteriamacrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussisprn150

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