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Localized Outbreak of Macrolide-Resistant Pertussis in Infants, Japan, March-May 2025
Emerging Infectious Diseases
|January 30, 2026
Insights
A pertussis outbreak infected 10 unvaccinated infants in Japan. Six cases involved macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis, underscoring the need for booster vaccinations and surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pertussis, or whooping cough, remains a significant public health concern globally.
- Vaccination is the primary strategy for pertussis prevention, but waning immunity and bacterial resistance pose challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on a localized pertussis outbreak in unvaccinated infants in Kumamoto, Japan.
- To identify the characteristics of Bordetella pertussis strains involved in the outbreak, specifically macrolide resistance.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of clinical data from infants diagnosed with pertussis.
- Microbiological investigation including culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing for Bordetella pertussis.
Main Results:
- Ten unvaccinated infants were affected by pertussis between March and May 2025.
- Nine infants required pediatric intensive care unit admission.
- Six confirmed cases involved macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis.
Conclusions:
- The outbreak emphasizes the critical need for maintaining high vaccination rates through booster doses.
- Continuous surveillance for macrolide resistance in Bordetella pertussis is essential for effective outbreak management and treatment strategies.
Abstract:
A localized pertussis outbreak involving 10 unvaccinated infants occurred in Kumamoto, Japan, during March-May 2025. Nine infants were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, 6 of whom received a confirmed diagnosis of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis infection. This outbreak highlights the importance of booster vaccinations and resistance surveillance.
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