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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Mechanochemical coupling regulates defect dynamics in active nematics.

Shuang-Quan He1, Dong Liang1, Xu Yin2

  • 1Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

Biophysical Journal
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active nematics exhibit complex dynamics, with morphogen concentration influencing vorticity and flow. Viscosity, activity, and alignment strength are key factors controlling defect behavior and pattern selection in these soft active materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Active nematics are crucial for understanding collective phenomena like cell migration and tissue development.
  • The interplay between active nematic dynamics, multiphysics fields, and defect behavior is not fully understood.
  • Investigating how defect dynamics influence field quantity distributions is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanochemical model coupling orientational order with morphogen and hydrodynamic fields.
  • To explore the dynamic evolution of active nematics under complex conditions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which defect dynamics control field quantities.

Main Methods:

  • Solving active nematohydrodynamic equations.
  • Modeling the coupling of orientational order, morphogen concentration, and hydrodynamic flow.
  • Analyzing defect generation, annihilation, and active turbulence.

Main Results:

  • Successfully reproduced experimental observations of active nematic phases, including quiescent states, defect dynamics, and active turbulence.
  • Revealed a non-monotonic relationship between morphogen concentration and local vorticity, and a linear relationship with flow velocity at low concentrations.
  • Identified viscosity, activity, and gradient alignment strength as critical parameters regulating defect density, velocity, and annihilation efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Viscosity, activity, and alignment strength are key tunable factors in defect-mediated transport and pattern selection in soft active materials.
  • Provides mechanistic insights into reconfigurable microfluidics and tissue morphogenesis.
  • Highlights the significant role of defect dynamics in active nematic systems.