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Circadian Typology and Self-esteem, Perceived Social Support and Life Satisfaction in a Spanish Population Sample
Roque Crespo Castizo1, Juan Manuel Antúnez1
1Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
Introduction:
Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that are repeated every 24 hours, and are reflected in circadian typology, a variable that has been related to different aspects of mental health, such as resilience, optimism, and emotional intelligence.
Objectives:
This study aims to analyze the relationships between circadian typology and perceived social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction, considering the possible influence of sex.
Method:
345 participants (200 women), aged 16-76 years (31.77 ± 16.14 years), completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the MOS Social Support Survey, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale.
Results:
Morning-type participants scored higher than evening-type participants on emotional support, instrumental support, global support, and life satisfaction. Also, morning-type participants scored higher on global self-esteem, and on positive and negative dimensions of self-esteem, which is consistent with the bifactorial model's view of these as related but independent dimensions of self-esteem.
Conclusions:
These results suggest that morning typology could be considered as a protective factor for the development of psychological problems and mental disorders, as is associated with variables indicative of better mental health (greater self-esteem, life satisfaction and perceived social support), while evening typology is associated with factors considered to be risk factors for mental health.
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