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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Association between Mediterranean Diet and Development of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fatemeh Shakouri1, Morteza Lotfi1, Ali Rostami1

  • 1Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Brain and Behavior
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) may reduce the odds of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current evidence is limited, necessitating further research to confirm the MedDiet's preventive role in MS.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory central nervous system disease.
  • Conflicting evidence exists on the Mediterranean diet's (MedDiet) impact on MS development.
  • A systematic review was needed to clarify the MedDiet-MS association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze studies investigating the association between MedDiet adherence and MS development.
  • To assess the potential preventive role of the MedDiet in multiple sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus up to March 2024.
  • Inclusion of original clinical studies assessing MedDiet adherence and MS development.
  • Meta-analysis using CMA4 software and risk of bias assessment with JBI tools.

Main Results:

  • Eight studies (5 case-control, 3 cohort) were included.
  • Case-control studies suggested MedDiet adherence decreases MS odds; cohort studies found no significant relationship.
  • Meta-analysis revealed a significant inverse association between high MedDiet adherence and MS odds (OR: 0.275, p<0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Meta-analysis indicates higher MedDiet adherence is linked to reduced MS odds.
  • Overall evidence lacks strong support for the MedDiet's preventive role in MS.
  • Further well-designed prospective studies are required due to study limitations and heterogeneity.
Keywords:
dietdiet, Mediterraneanmeta‐analysismultiple sclerosissystematic review

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