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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.6K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

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Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
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Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Void Formation and Evolution Dynamics for Lithium Metal and Solid Electrolyte Interfaces.

Sourim Banerjee1, Bairav S Vishnugopi1, Aditya Singla1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how temperature and surface features impact void formation in solid-state batteries. Understanding these factors is key to designing stable lithium metal interfaces for safer, high-energy batteries.

Keywords:
lithium metal anodesolid-state batteriessurface heterogeneityvacancy diffusion kineticsvoid formation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state batteries (SSBs) with lithium (Li) metal anodes promise higher energy density and safety.
  • Void formation at the Li-solid electrolyte (SE) interface is a major challenge hindering SSB performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanistic interplay between electro-dissolution kinetics and vacancy diffusion at the Li-SE interface.
  • Determine how temperature and surface heterogeneities influence void evolution and interface stability during Li stripping.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanistic investigation of interfacial processes during Li stripping.
  • Analysis of temperature effects on Li diffusion kinetics and contact stability.
  • Evaluation of surface heterogeneities, such as grain boundaries, on local reaction and transport rates.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct interface stability regimes governed by nonuniform stripping dynamics.
  • Demonstrated that temperature enhances Li diffusion and promotes stable contact.
  • Showed that surface heterogeneities accelerate pit formation by creating spatial variations in reaction and transport.

Conclusions:

  • Void evolution is dictated by the coupled influence of interfacial kinetics, operating conditions, and surface heterogeneities.
  • Mechanistic insights guide strategies for designing stable solid-solid interfaces in SSBs.
  • Optimizing temperature and managing surface features are crucial for stable Li metal anodes in solid-state batteries.