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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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NIR-II fluorescence in lung cancer: advancing precision diagnosis and image-guided therapy

YunLong Yang1,2,3, Jiang Fu1, RangPing Xie1,3

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China.

Frontiers in Chemistry
|January 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Novel second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging offers improved lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights advances in NIR-II probes and therapies, paving the way for integrated theranostic platforms.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death globally.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic methods have limitations in sensitivity and prognosis.
  • There is a need for advanced strategies to improve lung cancer management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging for lung cancer.
  • To explore the applications of NIR-II in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • To discuss the development of integrated diagnostic-therapeutic (theranostic) platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on NIR-II fluorescence imaging and therapies for lung cancer.
  • Analysis of the design principles for NIR-II fluorescent probes and imaging systems.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging photointerventional therapies.

Main Results:

  • NIR-II fluorescence imaging provides deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution for lung cancer.
  • A variety of NIR-II probes, imaging systems, and photointerventional therapies have been developed.
  • Integrated theranostic platforms show promise for combined diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • NIR-II imaging represents a significant advancement in lung cancer diagnosis and therapy.
  • Further development of NIR-II based theranostic platforms is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing probe design and therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords:
NIR-IIdiagnoseintegrationlung cancertherapy

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