From Optical to Molecular Imaging on Human Skin: A Review

Area of Science:

• Dermatology and Medical Imaging
• Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

• Accurate diagnosis is critical in dermatology, with imaging techniques forming a cornerstone of skin disease assessment.
• Traditional imaging methods are being enhanced by advanced optical and molecular modalities for a comprehensive view.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical and current state of dermatological imaging methodologies, from traditional to advanced.
• To explore the integration of imaging with molecular profiling techniques, such as spatial omics, for deeper disease understanding.
• To discuss the translational potential, limitations, and future of dermatological imaging, including AI's role.

Main Methods:

• Review of diverse traditional and advanced imaging methodologies in dermatology.
• Analysis of technological advancements, including integration with spatial omics and other molecular profiling techniques.
• Discussion of clinical implementation, standardization, cost-effectiveness, and limitations.

Main Results:

• Hybrid imaging approaches provide complementary macroscopic and molecular insights into skin pathologies.
• Integration with molecular profiling enables biomarker identification and understanding of disease mechanisms for precision medicine.
• Artificial intelligence shows potential for streamlining image analysis and clinical decision support.

Conclusions:

• Advanced dermatological imaging, particularly combined optical-molecular techniques, is revolutionizing skin disease diagnosis and research.
• The integration of these technologies holds significant promise for developing precision medicine in dermatology.
• Addressing challenges in standardization, cost, and expertise is crucial for widespread clinical adoption.