Feedback systems as interferers in perfectionism: a systematic literature review

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Cognitive Science
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Perfectionism is a multidimensional trait involving high standards and self-criticism, with adaptive and maladaptive forms.
• Feedback systems significantly influence emotional and behavioral responses, shaped by feedback valence (positive or negative).

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between feedback systems and perfectionism dimensions.
• To evaluate the impact of interventions on perfectionistic traits.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was performed.
• Searches across six databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, ERIC) identified 441 articles, with 24 selected for analysis.

Main Results:

• A significant association was found between feedback valence and perfectionism.
• Adaptive perfectionists showed improved outcomes with positive feedback; negative feedback led to adverse emotional and performance effects.
• Maladaptive perfectionists exhibited increased vulnerability to negative feedback, resulting in emotional dysregulation, performance decline, and heightened stress.

Conclusions:

• Feedback elicits distinct psychological and physiological responses in individuals with perfectionistic traits.
• Positive feedback benefits adaptive perfectionists, whereas negative feedback poses risks for maladaptive perfectionists.
• Individualized feedback strategies are crucial for clinical and therapeutic interventions in perfectionism.