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Related Concept Videos

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

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The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
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Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

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The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
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Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
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Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

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FAST - filamentous actin segmentation tool for quantifying cytoskeletal organization.

Vineeth Aljapur1, Adam Gardner2, Jason Carayanniotis2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.

Journal of Cell Science
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We developed a deep learning tool, Filamentous Actin Segmentation Tool (FAST), to accurately quantify actin structures from microscopy images. This method aids research in cell motility, cancer metastasis, and drug development.

Keywords:
ActinCytoskeletonDeep learningFluorescence microscopySegmentation

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Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
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Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Actin filaments are crucial for cellular functions and disease mechanisms.
  • Quantifying actin structure size, abundance, and organization from microscopy is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a deep learning tool for accurate segmentation and quantification of actin structures.
  • To enable efficient analysis of actin organization in various cellular contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a deep learning based Filamentous Actin Segmentation Tool (FAST).
  • Utilized Phalloidin stained confocal microscopy images for training and evaluation.
  • Tested FAST on different cell lines and dynamic actin organization during drug treatments.

Main Results:

  • FAST accurately segments and quantifies different classes of actin structures.
  • Demonstrated tool's performance across diverse cell lines and dynamic conditions.
  • Showcased FAST's ability to analyze actin without specific protein antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • FAST provides a robust method for quantifying actin structures from microscopy images.
  • The tool facilitates research in cell motility, cancer metastasis, and drug development.
  • FAST simplifies actin structure analysis, aiding studies of actin-related pathways.