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Related Concept Videos

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
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Cancer Reversion Therapy: Prospects, Progress and Future Directions.

Emmanuel O Oisakede1,2, David B Olawade3,4,5, Oluwakemi Jumoke Bello6

  • 1Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cancer reversion therapy aims to reprogram cancer cells to a non-malignant state, offering a new oncology paradigm. Achieving stable, heritable changes remains a key challenge for this promising approach.

Keywords:
cancer reversioncellular reprogrammingdifferentiation therapyepigenetic regulationtumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cellular Reprogramming
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Cancer reversion therapy shifts focus from destroying cancer cells to reprogramming them into a non-malignant state.
  • This approach is supported by observations of somatic cell reprogramming, spontaneous cancer regression, and microenvironmental influences on cancer behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence, emerging technologies, and future directions in cancer reversion therapy.
  • To critically evaluate the definition and requirements for true cancer reversion, distinguishing it from transient plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current therapeutic approaches including epigenetic reprogramming (HDAC inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors), microenvironmental modulation, differentiation therapy, and targeting oncogene addiction.
  • Exploration of emerging technologies such as single-cell analyses, CRISPR-based gene editing, patient-derived organoids, and artificial intelligence.
  • Analysis of biological observations underpinning cancer reversion: somatic cell reprogramming, spontaneous regression, and microenvironmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Current reversion strategies include epigenetic modifiers, extracellular matrix manipulation, vascular normalization, differentiation agents (e.g., all-trans retinoic acid), and targeting oncogene addiction (e.g., BCR-ABL).
  • Emerging technologies like single-cell analysis, CRISPR, organoids, and AI are accelerating progress in identifying reversion-inducing agents and understanding cancer heterogeneity.
  • True cancer reversion requires durable, heritable phenotypic changes with epigenetic consolidation and functional restoration, not just transient plasticity or growth arrest.

Conclusions:

  • Significant challenges include cancer cell plasticity, establishing stable reversion states, solid tumor delivery, and addressing tumor heterogeneity.
  • Future directions involve integrated multi-omics, studying natural regression, advanced nanodelivery systems, and synthetic biology for intelligent therapeutic systems.
  • Cancer reversion therapy holds potential for reduced toxicity and resistance, aiming to transform cancer into a manageable condition.