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Emerging Cell-Based Therapies for Systemic Sclerosis: From Stem Cells to CAR-T Cells

Vitaly Chasov1, Sabir Mukhametshin1, Elvina Gilyazova1

  • 1Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|January 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) treatments are limited. New cell therapies like stem cell and CAR-T cell therapies show promise for immune tolerance and tissue repair in SSc patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Rheumatology
  • Cellular and Molecular Medicine
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell dysfunction, autoantibody production, vascular damage, and progressive fibrosis in organs.
  • The complex pathogenesis of SSc involves diverse immune and stromal cells, mediators, and aberrant tissue repair, leading to varied clinical presentations and poor outcomes.
  • Current therapies for SSc offer limited efficacy, often only slowing progression and causing adverse effects, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in cell-based therapeutic strategies for Systemic sclerosis.
  • To explore the potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and regulatory T cell transfer.
  • To highlight the emerging role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in treating SSc.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cell-based therapies for Systemic sclerosis.
  • Analysis of recent progress in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy.
  • Evaluation of adoptive regulatory T cell (Treg) transfer and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy applications in SSc.

Main Results:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and adoptive regulatory T cell transfer are evolving strategies for SSc.
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is emerging as a potentially transformative approach for SSc.
  • These cell-based strategies aim to restore immune tolerance and enhance tissue repair mechanisms in SSc.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-based therapies offer a promising avenue for treating Systemic sclerosis by addressing immune dysregulation and fibrosis.
  • Emerging strategies like CAR-T cell therapy hold significant potential to revolutionize SSc treatment.
  • These advanced therapeutic approaches may improve patient survival, achieve long-term remission, and enhance quality of life in SSc.
Keywords:
CAR-T cell therapyautoimmune diseasescell-based therapieshematopoietic stem cell transplantationmesenchymal stem cellssystemic sclerosis

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