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Measuring the Frequency of Inner-Experience Characteristics.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2021
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Fidelity Versus Validity Using Anendophasia as an Example: Commentary on Nedergaard and Lupyan (2024) and Lind

Russell T Hurlburt1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Psychological Science
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies the existence of anendophasia, the absence of inner speech. It argues for fidelity-based investigations to understand this experiential phenomenon, suggesting anendophasic individuals likely exist and warrant further study.

Keywords:
anendophasiadescriptive experience samplingfidelityinner experienceinner speakinginner speechvalidity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Science
  • Cognitive Science
  • Phenomenology

Background:

  • Debate exists regarding the validation of anendophasia (experiencing no inner speech).
  • Previous studies by Nedergaard and Lupyan (2024) and Lind (2025) utilized descriptive experience sampling.
  • Discrepancies arise from treating anendophasia as a construct versus an experiential phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate descriptive experience sampling as a method for studying anendophasia.
  • To distinguish between fidelity and validity in psychological research, particularly concerning experiential phenomena.
  • To propose a framework for investigating anendophasia that incorporates fidelity-based approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of descriptive experience sampling methodology.
  • Conceptual distinction between fidelity (accurate representation of experience) and validity (measuring the intended construct).
  • Theoretical differentiation between anendophasia as a phenomenon versus a construct.

Main Results:

  • Descriptive experience sampling is a fidelity-aspiring method, but fidelity and validity are distinct.
  • Anendophasia, as an experiential phenomenon, requires fidelity-based investigation, not solely validity-based approaches.
  • The distinction between completely and mostly anendophasic individuals may be practically difficult to ascertain.

Conclusions:

  • Anendophasia likely exists frequently, manifesting in individuals who are completely or mostly anendophasic.
  • Fidelity-based investigations are crucial for understanding anendophasia as an experience.
  • Future research should incorporate both fidelity-based and validational studies to fully explore anendophasia.