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Gastric Motility01:16

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
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Integration by parts is a fundamental technique in calculus for evaluating integrals involving the product of two functions. It is particularly useful when direct integration is not feasible. The method is based on the product rule for differentiation, which states that the derivative of a product equals the derivative of the first function times the second, plus the first function times the derivative of the second. By integrating this identity and rearranging terms, the integration by parts...
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Definite integrals involving the product of two functions over a fixed interval can be evaluated using integration by parts. This method rewrites the integral as the difference of a product evaluated at the endpoints and a remaining definite integral that is often simpler to compute.A representative example is the definite integral of the inverse tangent function. Since there is no direct integration formula for arctan ⁡x, the integrand is rewritten as a product of arctan⁡ x and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Establishment of Gastric Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models and Primary Cell Lines
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Primary Human Gastric Cancer Cells Integrated Hydrogel Microcapsules for Personalized Drug Screening.

Letian Meng1,2, Lu Fan2, Shangrui Rao2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel microfluidic chip cultivates gastric cancer cells in 3D spheroids for drug screening. This organ-on-a-chip model accurately predicts patient drug response, aiding personalized cancer treatment.

Keywords:
drug screeninggastric cancerhydrogelmicrofluidicstumor spheroids

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Oncology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Organ-on-a-chip technology offers promise for tumor drug screening.
  • Gastric cancer research requires advanced models for drug assessment.
  • Primary gastric cancer cell cultivation needs innovative platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative microfluidic platform for 3D gastric cancer spheroid culture.
  • To assess the efficacy of clinical drug screening using this platform.
  • To evaluate the correlation between spheroid drug sensitivity and patient clinical response.

Main Methods:

  • Microfluidic electrospray technology was used to encapsulate primary gastric cancer cells in alginate microcapsules.
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose was employed to promote spheroid formation within microcapsules.
  • A microfluidic chip with a gradient generator facilitated high-throughput drug sensitivity testing.

Main Results:

  • Encapsulated gastric cancer cells rapidly formed 3D spheroids with tumor-like characteristics and heterogeneity.
  • The platform enabled dynamic perfusion and drug concentration gradient generation for drug screening.
  • Spheroid drug sensitivity profiles demonstrated high consistency with actual patient clinical responses.

Conclusions:

  • The microfluidic platform effectively cultivates 3D gastric cancer spheroids for drug evaluation.
  • This organ-on-a-chip model shows significant potential for predicting patient drug response in gastric cancer.
  • The developed system offers a dependable and precise platform for clinical drug assessment in gastric cancer treatment.