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Redefining the Health Risk of Battery Materials Through a Biologically Transformed Metal Mixture.

Ze Zhang1, Gan Miao1, Xueyu Zhang1

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Summary

Inhaled nickel-manganese-cobalt (NCM) particles transform into metal mixtures in the body, revealing unique toxicological interactions. This finding enables accurate risk assessment for electric vehicle battery safety.

Keywords:
biological transformationhealth risk paradigmlithium‐ion batterymetal mixture toxicologysustainable energy materials

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electric vehicles rely on lithium-ion batteries, with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NCM) cathodes posing potential health risks.
  • The biological fate and toxicological interactions of inhaled NCM particles are not well understood, creating a gap in sustainable energy transition safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological fate of inhaled NCM particles.
  • To decipher the toxicological interactions of the resulting metal mixtures.
  • To develop a framework for accurate risk assessment of NCM exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the in vivo dissolution of inhaled NCM particles.
  • Analyzed the composition of biologically generated metal mixtures.
  • Developed and applied the Integrated Addition and Interaction (IAI) model to exposure data.

Main Results:

  • Inhaled NCM particles undergo sustained lysosomal dissolution, forming metal mixtures mirroring the parent material.
  • Identified antagonistic toxicological interactions from Nickel/Cobalt and synergistic interactions from Manganese.
  • The IAI model revealed moderate but significant population-level health risks from real-world NCM exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Established the biological fate and toxicological profile of inhaled NCM particles.
  • The IAI model provides a robust framework for assessing NCM-related health risks.
  • Ensures the clean energy transition prioritizes human safety through evidence-based risk assessment.