Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026

08:39
Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
Published on: January 28, 2019
10.4K
Radial-phase enabled OAM multiplexing independent of beam divergence
Optics Letters
|January 30, 2026
Summary
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing in free-space optical communications suffers from diffraction. A novel radial-phase control method suppresses divergence, enhancing received power and transmission distance for OAM beams.
Area of Science:
- Optical Communications
- Free-Space Optics (FSO)
- Beam Propagation
Background:
- Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing is a key technology for expanding free-space optical (FSO) communication capacity.
- Higher-order OAM modes, necessary for increased capacity, exhibit significant beam divergence due to diffraction, reducing received power.
- This divergence limits the transmission distance and the number of multiplexed OAM modes in FSO systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and experimentally validate a novel divergence suppression approach for multiplexed OAM beams.
- To enable longer transmission distances and accommodate a greater number of multiplexed OAM modes in FSO communications.
- To mitigate the detrimental effects of beam divergence on received optical power in OAM-based FSO systems.
Main Methods:
- Development of a radial-phase control technique to manipulate the propagation trajectory of multiplexed OAM beams.
- Experimental implementation of radial-phase controlled multiplexed (RPCM) OAM beams.
- Comparative analysis of RPCM OAM beams against conventional multiplexed (CM) OAM beams under varying turbulence conditions.
Main Results:
- The proposed RPCM method effectively suppresses beam divergence, maintaining received beam size irrespective of OAM mode.
- Experimental validation demonstrated the feasibility of RPCM OAM beams for enhanced FSO communication.
- RPCM OAM beams achieved significant improvements in average received power, approximately 25 dB and 30 dB higher than CM OAM beams for turbulence strengths D/r0=1 and D/r0=4, respectively.
Conclusions:
- Radial-phase control is a highly effective strategy for mitigating divergence in multiplexed OAM beams.
- RPCM technology offers a promising solution for extending the reach and capacity of OAM-based FSO communication systems.
- This approach overcomes key limitations of conventional OAM multiplexing, paving the way for more robust and efficient optical wireless communication.
Related Concept Videos
Divergence and Curl
3.2K
The divergence of a vector field at a point is the net outward flow of the flux out of a small volume through a closed surface enclosing the volume, as the volume tends to zero. More practically, divergence measures how much a vector field spreads out or diverges from a given point. For an outgoing flux, conventionally, the divergence is positive. The diverging point is often called the "source" of the field. Meanwhile, the negative divergence of a vector field at a point means that the vector...
3.2K
Divergence and Stokes' Theorems
3.7K
The divergence and Stokes' theorems are a variation of Green's theorem in a higher dimension. They are also a generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus. The divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem are in a way similar to each other; The divergence theorem relates to the dot product of a vector, while Stokes' theorem relates to the curl of a vector. Many applications in physics and engineering make use of the divergence and Stokes' theorems, enabling us to write...
3.7K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
8.0K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
8.0K
Introduction to Test of Independence
3.0K
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
3.0K
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
8.2K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
H0: The two variables (factors)...
8.2K
Beams
1.9K
Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
1.9K

