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    Area of Science:

    • Physics, Optics
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Harmonic electromagnetic beams possess complex polarization and orbital angular momentum properties.
    • Characterizing these properties is crucial for understanding beam propagation and interaction with matter.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the properties of harmonic electromagnetic beams using the polarization-orbitalization tensor (POT) at two radial distances.
    • To extend the POT's polarization and orbitalization projections to two radii.
    • To examine quantities that distinguish radial similarity and mixing within the POT components.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculation and analysis of the polarization-orbitalization tensor (POT).
    • Extension of POT projections to two radial parameters.
    • Examination of radial similarity and mixing metrics.

    Main Results:

    • The study reveals distinct properties of harmonic electromagnetic beams based on POT analysis at two radii.
    • Quantities distinguishing radial similarity and mixing were identified.
    • Demonstration using a beam composed of Laguerre-Gaussian modes.

    Conclusions:

    • The polarization-orbitalization tensor provides a comprehensive framework for characterizing harmonic electromagnetic beams.
    • Analysis at two radii offers deeper insights into radial variations and component mixing.
    • Laguerre-Gaussian modes serve as a useful test case for this analytical approach.