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Published on: September 17, 2021
A Near-Infrared Fluorogenic Spray Probe for Rapid and Wash-Free Intraoperative Nerve Imaging
Lijun Wang1, Yushu Xi2, Pingting Gao2
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
Abstract:
Intraoperative nerve injury remains a major surgical challenge. Rapid, wash-free nerve visualization is highly desirable for fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS), yet existing probes lack spray compatibility and sufficient fluorogenicity. Here we introduce N4, a near-infrared fluorogenic spray probe that enables ∼10 s, wash-free visualization of peripheral nerves. N4 is engineered to remain nonfluorescent in its spirocyclic form under physiological conditions but undergoes MBP-triggered spiro-opening to a bright zwitterionic state, yielding a 6.3-fold turn-on. Topical spraying of N4 produces clear sciatic and vagus nerve imaging with nerve-to-muscle contrast up to 6.4 and allows visualization of branches as small as 0.12 mm, even under blood-contaminated fields. N4 provides a robust platform for real-time FIGS nerve mapping and advances the development of next-generation fluorogenic surgical probes.
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