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Emergence of Generic Entanglement Structure in Doped Matchgate Circuits
Alessio Paviglianiti1, Luca Lumia1, Emanuele Tirrito2,3
1International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
Physical Review Letters
|January 30, 2026
Summary
Adding non-Gaussian resources to free fermionic circuits restores typical entanglement dynamics and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang fluctuations. This doping induces a measurement-induced phase transition, controlling entanglement scaling and recovering volume-law entanglement at extensive rates.
Area of Science:
- Quantum information science
- Condensed matter physics
- Many-body quantum dynamics
Background:
- Free fermionic Gaussian (matchgate) circuits show slow entanglement growth (diffusive scaling) and unstable volume-law entanglement.
- Generic interacting systems exhibit faster entanglement dynamics and more stable states.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate how non-Gaussian resources restore typical entanglement dynamics in free fermionic circuits.
- Analyze the impact of non-Gaussian doping on entanglement growth, fluctuations, and measurement-induced transitions.
Main Methods:
- Doping free fermionic Gaussian circuits with non-Gaussian gates.
- Analyzing entanglement growth scaling (S(t) ~ t^α).
- Studying Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) fluctuations.
- Examining measurement-induced phase transitions and entanglement phases (area-law vs. power-law).
Main Results:
- Extensive doping with non-Gaussian gates recovers ballistic entanglement growth (S(t) ~ t) and KPZ fluctuations.
- A measurement-induced phase transition occurs between area-law and power-law entangled phases (S ~ N^α), with α controlled by doping.
- Genuine volume-law entanglement is restored only with an extensive rate of non-Gaussian gate injection.
Conclusions:
- Non-Gaussianity is a crucial resource for driving nonintegrable behavior and restoring typical dynamics in fermionic systems.
- The study bridges the gap between free and interacting fermionic system dynamics.
- Findings highlight the role of non-Gaussianity in controlling entanglement structure and phase transitions under measurements.
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