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Related Concept Videos

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Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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Unexpected Rise in Nuclear Collectivity from Short-Range Physics.

Kevin S Becker1, Kristina D Launey1, Andreas Ekström2

  • 1Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We found that short-range nucleon interactions surprisingly influence collective nuclear motion, affecting quadrupole collectivity in light nuclei like Lithium-6 and Carbon-12. This challenges traditional views linking collectivity solely to long-range correlations.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics
  • Atomic Nuclei

Background:

  • Collective nuclear motion is typically attributed to long-range correlations.
  • Understanding the interplay between short-range and long-range forces in nuclei is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of short-range nucleon-nucleon interactions on collective nuclear motion.
  • To explore the origins of emergent nuclear collectivity in light nuclei.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized state-of-the-art ab initio techniques for nuclear calculations.
  • Analyzed quadrupole collectivity in low-lying states of Lithium-6 and Carbon-12.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a significant influence of short-range S-wave contact couplings on quadrupole collectivity.
  • Observed that these couplings subtly alter surface oscillations without changing the overall nuclear shape contribution.
  • Identified opposing effects of two S-wave contact couplings.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear collectivity is not solely driven by long-range correlations but is also significantly impacted by short-range nucleon-nucleon interactions.
  • Provides new insights into the emergence of nuclear collectivity and its fundamental link to short-distance nuclear forces.