Multicentric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with dural involvement in a nursery piglet.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Pathology
• Oncology
• Swine Medicine

Background:

• Lymphoma is a common neoplasm in pigs, primarily affecting B-cells and often presenting in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidneys.
• Multicentric lymphoma typically involves these organs, but dural (meningeal) involvement is rarely documented.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a unique case of multicentric lymphoma in a young piglet.
• To describe the clinical presentation, pathological findings, and immunohistochemical characteristics of this specific lymphoma subtype.
• To highlight the first documented instance of concurrent dural involvement in a domestic pig with multicentric lymphoma.

Main Methods:

• Necropsy and detailed histological examination of affected tissues.
• Immunohistochemistry to confirm B-cell lineage (CD20+) and rule out T-cell origin (CD3-).

Main Results:

• A 70-day-old piglet presented with hindlimb paralysis due to dural and meningeal infiltration by neoplastic lymphocytes.
• Histopathology confirmed nodular thickening of the brain and spinal cord meninges, along with paravertebral ganglia involvement.
• Neoplastic cells infiltrated multiple organs including lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidneys, consistent with multicentric lymphoma.
• Immunohistochemistry confirmed the B-cell origin of the neoplastic lymphocytes (CD20+).

Conclusions:

• This is the first reported case of multicentric lymphoma in a domestic pig with concurrent dural involvement.
• The findings expand the understanding of lymphoma presentation and dissemination in swine.
• This case underscores the importance of thorough diagnostic evaluation for neurological signs in pigs potentially related to neoplasia.