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Brain network disruption underlying externalizing behaviors.

Meagan E Beckerson1, McKayla R Kurtz1, Elizabeth Valles-Capetillo1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Neuropsychologia
|January 30, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive dysfunction, impacting executive functioning (EF) skills, predicts externalizing behaviors in autistic and non-autistic children. This suggests EF-based interventions may help manage behavioral issues across diagnoses.

Keywords:
AutismExecutive functioningExternalizing behaviorsResting-state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Externalizing behaviors like aggression are common in children, affecting both autistic and non-autistic individuals.
  • Previous research indicates externalizing behaviors are not linked to IQ, gender, or autism severity, but rather to executive functioning (EF) deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral and neural predictors of externalizing behaviors in a diverse group of school-aged children.
  • To explore the relationship between executive functioning and externalizing behaviors in autistic and non-autistic children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized parent-reported measures of executive functioning (BRIEF-2) and externalizing behaviors (BASC-3) in 90 children (ages 7-13).
  • Employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural connectivity patterns.
  • Controlled for age and full-scale intellectual functioning (FSIQ) in the analysis.

Main Results:

  • Executive functioning composite scores significantly predicted externalizing behaviors, even after controlling for age and FSIQ.
  • Neural analyses revealed altered connectivity in frontoparietal executive networks and salience-related areas.
  • Positive associations were found between externalizing behaviors and connectivity in specific brain regions including the parietal lobules and insula.

Conclusions:

  • Executive dysfunction, evident in both behavioral and neural measures, is strongly associated with externalizing behaviors in children, irrespective of autism diagnosis.
  • Findings suggest a neural mechanism involving compensatory executive function engagement and reduced salience processing.
  • Highlights the potential effectiveness of executive functioning-based interventions for managing externalizing behaviors in both autistic and non-autistic children.