Recent advances in thermal-membrane technology for treating hypersaline wastewater
Xiaoran Gu1, Yudan Chu1, Qiangqiang Song1
1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
None:
The treatment of hypersaline wastewater faces a substantial environmental and technological challenge. The highly complex composition generates significant challenges for large-scale treatment, which currently suffers from high operational costs and low efficiency. The integration of membrane distillation (MD) and pervaporation (PV), as thermal-membrane technologies, offers a promising route for purifying concentrated brines at relatively low feed temperature. Both technologies offer the benefits of reduced energy consumption and effective separation when compared to conventional techniques. However, they face persistent issues, including membrane fouling and scaling during hypersaline wastewater treatment. Furthermore, MD is particularly susceptible to membrane wetting, while PV often encounters membrane swelling. This review firstly discusses the principles of MD and PV, then discusses the strategies employed to mitigate wetting, fouling, and scaling in MD, along with recent advances in emerging MD configurations, and PV approaches to address membrane swelling and fouling, enhanced flux. It also summarizes the current progress of pilot-scale studies for both technologies. Finally, possible directions for future research and recommendations are proposed. This review aims to provide a foundation for advancing MD and PV in hypersaline wastewater treatment.
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