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Lifetime Physical Activity Moderates the Neural Effects of Childhood Adversity on Resting-State Functional
Lemye Zehirlioglu1, Richard Nkrumah2, Traute Demirakca2
1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|January 30, 2026
Summary
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) impact brain connectivity, but higher physical activity (PA) levels may promote neural resilience. This study found PA modulates the relationship between ACE and brain functional connectivity in adults.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) significantly impact brain development, particularly corticolimbic circuits, increasing mental disorder vulnerability.
- Individual differences in resilience behaviors, like physical activity, may buffer these negative effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if lifetime physical activity (LPA) moderates the association between ACE and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in adults.
- To identify specific LPA ranges where ACE influences brain connectivity.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 75 adults examining self-reported LPA.
- Used interaction models (ACE × LPA) with amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex as seeds for seed-to-voxel analyses.
- Applied moderation analyses and the Johnson-Neyman technique to determine significant LPA ranges.
Main Results:
- Significant ACE × LPA interactions were found in subcortical-cerebellar, visual association, and motor networks.
- Higher ACE was linked to reduced connectivity at low LPA but increased connectivity at high LPA (crossover moderation).
- Significant ACE effects on connectivity occurred within specific LPA ranges of approximately 150-390 min/week.
Conclusions:
- Lifetime physical activity (LPA) moderates the relationship between ACE and rs-FC in emotion and sensorimotor networks.
- Higher physical activity levels correlate with neural connectivity profiles suggesting resilience to early adversity.
- Physical activity is a modifiable factor promoting neurobiological adaptation after early life adversity.
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