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Medical Aid in Dying State Laws: A Thirty Year Evolution.

Eli Y Adashi1, I Glenn Cohen2

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Medical aid in dying allows terminally ill patients to self-administer prescribed drugs. This practice, established in 1994, is now legal in many US states under strict regulations.

Keywords:
Constitutional AmendmentsEnd of Life CareRight to DieTerminally Ill

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Public Health Policy
  • Legal Medicine

Background:

  • The concept of medical aid in dying originated with Oregon's 1994 Death with Dignity Act.
  • This legislation permits competent, terminally ill patients to self-administer physician-prescribed lethal drugs.
  • Since 1994, numerous other states have adopted similar legislation, expanding access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the historical development and current status of medical aid in dying in the United States.
  • To highlight the legal framework and regulatory oversight governing this practice.
  • To acknowledge the increasing adoption of medical aid in dying across various states.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of legislative milestones, starting with the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.
  • Analysis of the legal provisions allowing self-administration of lethal medication by terminally ill patients.
  • Examination of the trend of state-wide adoption and the implementation of regulatory oversight.

Main Results:

  • Medical aid in dying has evolved significantly since its inception in 1994.
  • Competent, terminally ill patients have legal recourse to physician-prescribed medications for self-administration.
  • The practice is now widely implemented across an increasing number of US states, subject to stringent legal controls.

Conclusions:

  • Medical aid in dying represents a significant development in end-of-life care options.
  • The practice is legally sanctioned and regulated in multiple US states.
  • Continued expansion and oversight characterize the current landscape of medical aid in dying.