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Paying peer reviewers: benefits, risks, and challenges.

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Academic publishing relies on unpaid peer reviewers, a system facing exploitation risks. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) threatens to replace human peer reviewers with AI-driven alternatives, posing new challenges.

Keywords:
AICompromised trustEthics and rulesFinancial and non-financial rewardsPeer selectionRemunerationTraditional peer review

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Area of Science:

  • Scholarly Communication
  • Academic Publishing Ethics

Background:

  • Peer review is fundamental to academic publishing, relying on voluntary expert services.
  • Unlike commercial consultancy, expert review in publishing is often unremunerated, framed as a professional obligation.
  • Journals face pressure to maintain peer review integrity amidst submission influx, risking accusations of fake or predatory practices if review is compromised.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the current model of academic peer review, highlighting its reliance on unpaid labor.
  • To discuss the inherent risks and potential exploitation within the voluntary peer review system.
  • To explore the emerging impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the future of peer review.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the current academic publishing landscape and its reliance on volunteer peer reviewers.
  • Discussion of ethical considerations and risks associated with uncompensated expert review.
  • Exploration of the potential implications of AI and large language models on scholarly peer review processes.

Main Results:

  • The current system of academic peer review is largely built on the exploitation of unpaid expert labor.
  • Risks include unprofessionalism, superficial feedback, and unfulfilled commitments from volunteer reviewers.
  • The advent of AI presents a potential future where human peer reviewers may be replaced by AI systems, introducing new dynamics and challenges.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional model of academic peer review, while essential, is vulnerable to exploitation due to its reliance on free labor.
  • The increasing prominence of AI in publishing necessitates a re-evaluation of peer review practices and the role of human experts.
  • Urgent consideration is needed to address the sustainability and integrity of peer review in the face of technological advancements and ethical challenges.