Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026
Modeling Brain Metastasis Via Tail-Vein Injection of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells
Published on: February 4, 2021
Translational approaches to childhood inflammatory brain diseases: a review
Simone Appenzeller1, Paulo Rogerio Julio2,3, Rodrigo Marchi Silva2,4
1Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Introduction:
Inflammatory brain diseases (IBrainDs) are rare, potentially devastating diseases that affect children and adolescents. Clinical presentation is often subacute with focal and diffuse neurological manifestations and psychiatric symptoms which may occur without early aggressive treatment.
Areas Covered:
In this review performed in Pubmed including English Literature until July 2025 on the different IBrainDs categories include the clinical presentation, laboratory features, treatment, and outcome of these IBrainDs.
Expert Opinion:
As IBrainDs often present subacute and insidious, a high index of suspicion is warranted as often CSF and MRI findings are nonspecific and specific antibody testing, angiography, or brain biopsy are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Here we will review the main categories of IBrainDs, clinical presentation, and discuss pathophysiologic mechanisms to support treatment choices.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
01:27Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
01:21Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
01:29Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
Pharmacologic...
01:31Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
01:10Review and Preview
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...