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Expectation Effects Based on Newly Learnt Object-Scene Associations Are Modulated by Spatial Frequency.

Morgan Kikkawa1, Daniel Feuerriegel1, Marta I Garrido1,2

  • 1Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Psychophysiology
|January 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual scene context influences perception by creating expectations for objects. This study found that while scene context affects visually evoked responses, it does not alter object representations in the brain.

Keywords:
EEGERPMVPAexpectationspatial frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The visual system leverages statistical regularities between objects and scenes to predict likely co-occurrences.
  • Models suggest scene information, particularly low-spatial frequencies, rapidly influences object perception via top-down feedback.
  • Understanding how learned associations between scenes and objects impact visual processing is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of low-spatial frequency scene information on object representations.
  • To examine how newly learned object-scene associations affect visual processing and prediction generation.
  • To differentiate the impact of scene context on object representation versus visually evoked responses.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity from 40 participants.
  • Participants viewed high-spatial frequency objects in isolation or within low- or high-spatial frequency scenes.
  • Probabilistic object-scene pairings were manipulated to create expectations, and classifiers were trained on EEG data.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in classification accuracy were found for expected versus unexpected objects across spatial frequencies.
  • Expectation effects on event-related potentials were observed in both low- and high-spatial frequency scene conditions.
  • These expectation effects occurred at similar latencies but interacted with the specific expectation manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Learned object-scene expectations influence visually evoked brain responses.
  • Scene context, particularly low-spatial frequencies, does not appear to modulate the core representation of objects.
  • The findings suggest a dissociation between contextual influence on visual processing and object identification.