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Hole Storage Layers in Photoelectrodes for Mitigating Recombination and Driving Stable PEC Water Splitting.

Jingkun Wang1,2, Changtu Ma2, Bowen Li2

  • 1College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shanxi Key Lab of Photovoltaic Technology and Application, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Hole storage layers (HSLs) enhance photoelectrochemical water splitting by temporarily storing holes, improving efficiency and stability. This review details HSL applications for solar hydrogen production.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting offers a sustainable route to hydrogen fuel production.
  • Key limitations include rapid carrier recombination and inefficient hole utilization in PEC devices.
  • Existing reviews focus on hole transport layers (HTLs), necessitating a focused look at hole storage layers (HSLs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a systematic overview of hole storage layer (HSL) applications in PEC water splitting.
  • To clarify the distinct mechanisms of HSLs (storage and release) versus conventional HTLs (continuous transport).
  • To summarize recent advancements and future directions for HSLs in PEC systems.

Main Methods:

  • Outline core principles and performance metrics of PEC water splitting.
  • Differentiate HSLs from conventional HTLs based on their charge handling mechanisms.
  • Summarize HSL applications for various photoanodes (Ta3N5, BiVO4, Fe2O3) and photocathodes (Cu2O, a-Si, Sb2Se3).

Main Results:

  • HSLs temporarily store holes, effectively suppressing recombination.
  • The HSL strategy helps balance oxidation/reduction kinetics at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
  • HSLs can protect semiconductor materials from photocorrosion, enhancing device longevity.

Conclusions:

  • HSL strategy is crucial for improving efficiency and stability in PEC water splitting.
  • Further development of HSLs is vital for advancing solar-to-hydrogen conversion technologies.
  • This review guides the design of efficient photoelectrodes by addressing carrier recombination and hole utilization challenges.