Large-Scale Synthesis of Monodispersed Perovskite Nanocrystals via Autonomous Continuous Droplet Microfluidics

The scalable synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with monodispersity and high emission efficiency remains a significant challenge, primarily limited by the inherent constraints of flask-based batch synthesis in handling large volumes. Here, we propose a novel microscale continuous droplet-in-flow synthesis (µ-CDFS) of PNCs stabilized by zwitterionic ligands. This synergy, arising from the spatial and temporal separation of droplet-based reactors and a cross-locked PNC-ligand surface coordination, ensures exceptional mixing efficiency and consistency. Consequently, our approach enables the scalable production of high-quality PNCs, delivering a continuous output of 0.8 g h^{- 1} per channel, a narrow size distribution (σ_r < 14%), and a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) exceeding 97%. Furthermore, high-throughput ligand screening is also performed via autonomous flow experimentation, and the emission of PNCs is precisely tuned across the visible region (453-753 nm) via on-demand halide anion exchange, establishing a robust platform for the accelerated discovery of PNCs.