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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
Published on: May 19, 2020
Meningeal B cells: Emerging players at the brain border
1State Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.
None:
The meninges, long viewed as passive protective membranes, are now recognized as active immunological interfaces harboring diverse immune populations. Among them, B cells have emerged as dynamic participants in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and disorders. Recent studies have identified distinct B cell subsets in the meninges at different developmental and activation stages, including precursors supported by skull marrow-derived progenitors and immunoglobulin A (IgA)⁺ plasma cells influenced by gut microbiota. These meningeal B cells contribute to immune tolerance, barrier protection, and potentially neural development and repair, while also exhibiting context-dependent pathogenic roles in CNS autoimmunity, aging, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of meningeal B cells and highlight key future research directions aimed at understanding their cellular dynamics, activation and differentiation processes, and the balance between protective and deleterious functions.
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