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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

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Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
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Sample Handling01:02

Sample Handling

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Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
Samples should be transported carefully from collection points to the laboratory. They should be properly sealed and clearly labeled to prevent cross-contamination. To preserve the sample integrity, optimal temperature conditions during transport are essential. This could involve using...
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Sampling Theorem01:15

Sampling Theorem

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In signal processing, the analysis of continuous-time signals, denoted as x(t), often involves sampling techniques to convert these signals into discrete-time signals. This process is essential for digital representation and manipulation. A critical component in sampling is the train of impulses, characterized by the sampling interval and the sampling frequency. The relationship between these parameters and the original signal's properties dictates the success of the sampling process.
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Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

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In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2....
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Sampling Distribution01:12

Sampling Distribution

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Given simple random samples of size n from a given population with a measured characteristic such as mean, proportion, or standard deviation for each sample, the probability distribution of all the measured characteristics is called a sampling distribution. How much the statistic varies from one sample to another is known as the sampling variability of a statistic. You typically measure the sampling variability of a statistic by its standard error. The standard error of the mean is an example...
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Combination of Adhesive-tape-based Sampling and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Rapid Detection of Salmonella on Fresh Produce
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A Sample-to-Detection (S2D) Nano-Biosensing System to Rapidly Detect Salmonella in Poultry Processing Samples.

Anthony James Franco1, Woubit Abebe2, Tina Conklin3

  • 1Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Journal of Food Protection
|January 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel nano-biosensing system rapidly detects Salmonella in poultry. This sample-to-detection (S2D) method uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and gold nanoparticles (GNP) for faster, reliable food safety screening.

Keywords:
Gold nanoparticlesMagnetic nanoparticlesNano-biosensorPoultrySalmonella

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Area of Science:

  • Food Safety
  • Nanotechnology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen linked to poultry.
  • Current detection methods are too slow for global poultry safety demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a rapid sample-to-detection (S2D) nano-biosensing system.
  • Improve Salmonella detection speed and efficiency in poultry products.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized glycan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) for Salmonella cell concentration.
  • Employed gold nanoparticles (GNP) for Salmonella genomic DNA detection.
  • Tested on poultry swabs, rinsate, and ground poultry meat samples.

Main Results:

  • MNP successfully concentrated Salmonella cells from various poultry samples.
  • GNP detection was specific to the Salmonella invA gene.
  • Achieved a detection limit of 10^3 CFU/mL with comparable results to standard methods.
  • S2D system analysis time was under four hours.

Conclusions:

  • The S2D nano-biosensing system offers a rapid and effective method for Salmonella detection.
  • This system can significantly reduce analysis time compared to conventional methods.
  • It shows potential as a complementary tool for timely foodborne pathogen monitoring in poultry processing.