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Updated: May 8, 2026

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
Published on: September 25, 2014
Professional referees' knowledge of the FIFA Medical Concussion Protocol and their experiences with concussions
Craig Rosenbloom1, Andrew Massey2, Katrine Okholm Kryger3
1Queen Mary University of London, UK.
Objectives:
This cross-sectional online self-administered survey aimed to investigate professional referees' experiences of concussion during match-play, and their knowledge of the then-current pre-2022 FIFA Medical Concussion Protocol.
Methods:
A 25-question survey was emailed to 200 FIFA-accredited referees, with 83 completed responses being returned.
Results:
75% of referees correctly answered five basic questions pertaining to the Concussion Protocol, but only 52% perceived that their concussion knowledge was appropriate, with 28% of referees reported attending structured education on concussion. Interest in learning more about concussions was high, 95%.
Conclusions:
Concussion education tailored to future and current referees should be considered a priority.

