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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.5K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

130.8K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
40.9K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.2K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Nanostructured Ag-zeolite Composites as Luminescence-based Humidity Sensors
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Dual-Modal Ionic Polymer Optical Waveguide Grating Sensor for Temperature and Humidity Detection.

Yunlong Yu1, Huayue Zhao1, Yaping Song1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel long-period grating (LPG) sensor utilizes a poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) waveguide for simultaneous temperature and humidity detection. This optical sensing approach offers high sensitivity and resolution for dual-modal environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
long-period waveguide gratingon-chip detectionoptical humidity sensoroptical temperature sensorpoly(ionic liquid)s

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Sensing
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate environmental monitoring requires sensitive and reliable sensors.
  • Developing integrated optical sensors for multiple parameters is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) offer unique properties for optical sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a long-period grating (LPG) sensor for dual-modal detection of temperature and humidity.
  • To investigate the use of a metal-printed poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) waveguide for optical sensing.
  • To achieve high-sensitivity environmental parameter monitoring using a free ionic dynamic mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a metal-printed PILs waveguide integrated with an LPG.
  • Utilizing an optical-sensing module to monitor changes in the waveguide.
  • Characterizing the sensor's response to temperature and humidity variations.

Main Results:

  • The LPG sensor achieved dual-modal detection with distinct temperature and humidity sensing capabilities.
  • High sensitivity was demonstrated: 650 nm/K for temperature and 1.05 nm/% RH for humidity.
  • Excellent resolution was achieved: 0.01 K for temperature and 1% RH for humidity.
  • Obtained ionic thermal-optic (ITO) and ionic humid-optic (IHO) coefficients of -9.3 × 10-4/K and -3.1 × 10-4/% RH, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed LPG sensor effectively performs simultaneous, high-sensitivity temperature and humidity monitoring.
  • The metal-printed PILs waveguide is a viable platform for optical sensing.
  • This photonic integrated circuit technique shows promise for on-chip multimodal parameter detection.