Primary ovarian insufficiency diagnosis, treatment, and sequelae: current evidence

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a disease that significantly affects the fertility, mental health, and physical health of up to 3.5% of women. Current evidence suggests a succinct diagnostic criteria, but there is limited information on who is at risk of this diagnosis as well as the optimal treatment options to prevent sequelae. The goal of this review is to synthesize the most recent available evidence on POI and provide the best recommendations for its management.

General consensus guidelines were recently updated and published, being affirmed by multiple specialties. This is the first update since 2015. Data continues to advance in terms of unique health risks, specifically in bone and cardiometabolic risks for these patients. Genetic advances have suggested that more complex testing may be of interest; however, this research is still developing.

Additional research is needed to determine which patients are most at risk for developing POI, the ideal treatment for its related health consequences, genetic testing to determine individual risk, and implications for long-term health.