Cannabinoids and skin cancer: Mechanistic insights, therapeutic potential, and translational perspectives

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Skin cancer incidence is rising globally, with unmet needs in long-term management.
• The endocannabinoid system presents a novel therapeutic target for skin cancer prevention and treatment.
• Cannabinoids exhibit antitumor properties by affecting proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review preclinical evidence on cannabinoids in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers.
• To explore receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms of cannabinoid action.
• To examine cannabinoid delivery strategies, focusing on cannabidiol formulations.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of preclinical studies on phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids.
• Analysis of cannabinoid mechanisms of action in skin cancer models.
• Evaluation of emerging delivery systems for cannabinoid-based therapies.

Main Results:

• Preclinical data indicate cannabinoids possess antitumor activity against skin cancers.
• Both receptor-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in cannabinoid effects.
• Advanced delivery strategies, like enhanced cannabidiol formulations, show potential.

Conclusions:

• Cannabinoids demonstrate significant preclinical therapeutic potential for skin cancers.
• Clinical translation is hindered by limited trials, preparation variability, and safety concerns.
• Further mechanistic research and rigorous clinical trials are essential for integrating cannabinoids into skin cancer treatment.