Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

9.9K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
9.9K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

24.2K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
24.2K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

4.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
4.0K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

18.6K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
18.6K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.7K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.7K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

80.2K
Overview
80.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Repurposing nuclear receptors for ligand-responsive liquid condensate formation and gene regulation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Self-assembling protein cages: from coiled-coil module to machine learning-driven <i>de novo</i> design of next-generation biomaterials.

Materials advances·2025
Same author

Atypical cadherin FAT1 promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing autophagic cell death in glioblastoma under hypoxia or nutrient stress.

Cellular & molecular biology letters·2025
Same author

RNA <i>trans</i>-splicing to rescue β-catenin: A novel approach for treating CTNNB1-Haploinsufficiency disorder.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2025
Same author

Engineering chimeric PCSK9 for a vaccine against atherosclerosis.

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development·2025
Same author

Immune factors and their role in tumor aggressiveness in glioblastoma: Atypical cadherin FAT1 as a promising target for combating immune evasion.

Cellular & molecular biology letters·2025
Same journal

Function through shape: An overview of DNA G-quadruplexes in transcriptional regulation.

Current opinion in chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Advances in tools and technologies for multiplexed bioluminescence imaging.

Current opinion in chemical biology·2026
Same journal

High-resolution molecular mapping by expansion-coupled label-free and multimodal imaging.

Current opinion in chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Recent advances in glycoconjugate-based therapeutics.

Current opinion in chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Towards better red emitters for bioimaging: Innovations in rhodamine and cyanine chemistry.

Current opinion in chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Chemigenetic fluorescent biosensors in biological imaging - New trends and advances.

Current opinion in chemical biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.8K

Small RNAs, big potential: Engineering microRNA-based synthetic gene circuits.

Archismita Kundu1, Roman Jerala2

  • 1Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Interdisciplinary Doctoral Study of Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|February 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic biology engineered microRNA (miR) circuits for disease detection. Advances in miR-ON systems, CRISPR, and feed-forward loops enable precise sensing and therapeutic applications.

More Related Videos

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.6K
Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling
21:55

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

29.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.8K
Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.6K
Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling
21:55

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

29.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs crucial for gene regulation.
  • Dysregulated miRs are linked to various diseases, serving as potential biomarkers.
  • Synthetic biology utilizes miRs to create genetic circuits for sensing cellular states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and advancements in engineering microRNA-based genetic circuits.
  • To highlight the progression from simple reporter systems to complex logic-based and therapeutic applications.
  • To discuss current challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Development of miR-OFF and miR-ON architectures for gene expression control.
  • Integration of logic-based classifiers and layered regulatory strategies.
  • Implementation of CRISPR-associated systems and incoherent feed-forward loops (iFFLs).

Main Results:

  • Engineered circuits have evolved from basic repression to sophisticated sensing and therapeutic functions.
  • miR-ON systems, logic gates, and iFFLs enhance sensitivity, specificity, and stability.
  • CRISPR-based systems offer novel mechanisms for miR responsiveness.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-based genetic circuits are advancing from diagnostics to therapeutics.
  • Overcoming challenges in leakage, resource competition, and delivery is key.
  • Progress in toolkits, modeling, and delivery platforms accelerates clinical translation.