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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Ultrasonographic Assessment During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Published on: October 24, 2020
Family Presence During Resuscitation: Beyond Debate to Practice Integration
Kelly Powers1, K Renee Twibell2, Rebecca F Shears3
1School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
Abstract:
Since its introduction to healthcare almost 40 years ago, family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) has faced continued pushback. Healthcare professionals' fears of litigation and concerns for family members' emotional state led to slow and inconsistent adoption of FPDR. Yet, the desire of families to be present during resuscitative efforts has remained strong, consistently aligning with principles of family-centered care. As FPDR is increasingly integrated into clinical practice, it is crucial to focus on best practices for implementation. Adopting the family support role, creating policies and protocols, and educating the healthcare team are recommended strategies for equitable and effective FPDR implementation.
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

